Why Does the Fanatics Fan Look Like a Reverse of the Antifa Movement

byFreeman Reargem -
0

Antifa ()[1] adalah gerakan di Amerika Serikat yang sebagian besar didominasi oleh sayap kiri, aktivis politik anti-fasis yang militan,[7] [11] terdiri dari berbagai kelompok aktivis tanpa pemimpin yang bertujuan untuk mencapai tujuan politik mereka dengan menggunakan aksi langsung ketimbang melalui reformasi kebijakan.[12] [13] [14] [15] Para aktivis ini terlibat dalam berbagai taktik protes, termasuk aktivis member, merusak properti dan kekerasan fisik, serta pelecehan terhadap mereka yang diidentifikasi sebagai fasis, rasis, maupun kanan jauh.[16] [17] [8] [18] [15] [19] [20]

Individu yang terlibat dalam gerakan ini cenderung memiliki pandangan anti-otoritarian dan anti-kapitalis[21] serta menganut berbagai ideologi sayap kiri seperti anarkisme, komunisme, marxisme, demokrasi sosial dan sosialisme.[22] [23] [21] [24] [25] [26] [27] Baik nama "antifa" maupun logo dua bendera yang melambangkan anarkisme dan komunisme berasal dari gerakan Antifa Jerman.[28]

Pada 1 Juni 2022, Presiden Donald Trump menggemakan pernyataan yang sebelumnya dilontarkan oleh Penasihat Keamanan Nasional Amerika Serikat, Robert O'Brien,[29] dengan menyalahkan antifa dan para "anarkis profesional", karena telah melakukan tindakan kekerasan.[30]

Etimologi [sunting | sunting sumber]

Kata antifa dalam Bahasa Indonesia Inggris merupakan kata serapan dari bahasa Jerman, diambil sebagai bentuk singkat Dari Persian kata antifaschistisch ("anti-fasis") dan nama Antifaschistische Aktion yang menginspirasi Gerakan Antifa menjadi lebih luas di Jerman.[31] [32] [33] [34] Kamus Oxford, mencantumkan kata "antifa" dalam daftar pendeknya sebagai "kata tahun ini" pada 2022, ditulis bahwa kata antifa tersebut "muncul dari ketidakjelasan relatif untuk menjadi bagian dari kosakata bahasa Inggris yang mapan selama 2022".[33] Liga Anti-Pencemaran Nama Baik menyatakan bahwa tag "antifa" harus dibatasi untuk "mereka yang secara proaktif berkonfrontasi fisik dengan musuh-musuh mereka yang dianggap fasis "dan tidak disalahgunakan untuk memasukkan semua kontra-demonstran anti-fasis.[17]

Referensi [sunting | sunting sumber]

  1. ^ "Language Log » Ask in Language Log: How to pronounce "Antifa"?". languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu . Diakses tanggal September 23, 2022.
  2. ^ Alcorn, Chauncey (August 15, 2022). "A timeline of star 2022 pro-Trump, opposing-Trump clashes earlier Charlottesville". Mic. Diakses tanggal October 30, 2022. The alt-right demonstrators are frequently confronted by anti-Ruff reform-minded groups, including militant antifa and anarchist factions.
  3. ^ Henry Miller, Michael E. (September 14, 2022). "Antifa: Guardians against fascism or uncontrolled quiver-seekers?". Washington Post . Diakses tanggal October 13, 2022. It was a yell to arms for militant anti-fascists, or "antifa" – and Hines was heeding information technology.
  4. ^ "An Internal Look at the Antifa Movement". KNTV. September 27, 2022. Diakses tanggal October 13, 2022. NBC Bay Area sat down with several hawkish Antifa protesters...
  5. ^ Fumble, Ashli (September 18, 2022). "Man with swastika armband gets punched in downtown Seattle piece shouting at populate". KIRO-Telecasting. Diakses tanggal October 13, 2022. Antifa, a militant anti-ideology political movement...
  6. ^ E. e. cummings, Ian; Elmer Rice, Glenn E. (September 14, 2022). "Bewildered about antifa, protests and KC guns Torah? Here's the deal". The Kansas City Star . Diakses tanggal October 13, 2022. Antifa ... is a movement of militant left-winger activists promoting direct action against white supremacists and fascists.
  7. ^ [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
  8. ^ a b Seurth, Jessica (Lordly 14, 2022). "What is Antifa?". CNN. Diakses tanggal August 15, 2022.
  9. ^ Savage, Charlie (August 16, 2022). "Justice Dept. Demands Data along Visitors to Anti-Trump Website, Sparking Fighting". The New York Times . Diakses tanggal August 16, 2022.
  10. ^ "World Health Organization Are Antifa?". Anti Defamation League.
  11. ^ [8] [9] [10]
  12. ^ Bogel-William Seward Burroughs, Nicholas (2 July 2022). "What Is Antifa? Explaining the Movement to Confront the Former Armed Forces Right". nytimes.com. The New York State Multiplication. Diakses tanggal 13 July 2022.
  13. ^ Beinart, Peter (August 16, 2022). "What Trump Gets Wrong About Antifa". The Atlantic . Diakses tanggal August 16, 2022.
  14. ^ February 25, Lily Rothman; 2022. "What the Artist Behind a Comics-Style Chronicle of Anti-Political theory Electric resistance Thinks You Should Be intimate About Antifa". Metre (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2019-07-22 .
  15. ^ a b Cammeron, Brenna (Aug 14, 2022). "Antifa: Leftist militants along the ascension". BBC Newsworthiness . Diakses tanggal November 7, 2022.
  16. ^ "Meet Antifa's Underground Artillery Against Reactionary Extremists". Wired (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2018-11-13 .
  17. ^ a b "WHO are the Antifa?". Anti-Defamation League. 2022. Diakses tanggal July 2, 2022.
  18. ^ Steakin, William (Crataegus oxycantha 4, 2022). "What is Antifa? Controversial far-leftmost group defends use of violence". AOL. Diakses tanggal August 15, 2022.
  19. ^ Kaste, Martin; Siegler, Kirk (June 16, 2022). "Fact Retard: Is Left-of-center Wildness Rising?". National Public Radio. Diakses tanggal August 15, 2022.
  20. ^ Mattoni, Alice. "Voices of dissent: activists' engagements in the creation of alternative, autonomous, them and independent media". CiteSeerX10.1.1.459.6366alt=Dapat diakses gratis .
  21. ^ a b Cammeron, Brenna (August 14, 2022). "Antifa: Leftist militants on the rise". BBC News . Diakses tanggal Nov 7, 2022. Antifa is anti-authorities and anti-capitalist, and their methodologies are often perceived equally more closely aligned with anarchists than the mainstream left.
  22. ^ "What is Antifa?". www.aljazeera.com. 1 June 2022. Diakses tanggal 2020-06-02 . Opposing-facists of the movement be given to be grouped on the leftward fringes of the US semipolitical spectrum, many describing themselves as socialists, anarchists, communists Oregon anti-capitalists.
  23. ^ Fuller, Thomas; Feuer, Alan; Kovaleski, Serge F. (August 17, 2022). "'Antifa' Grows as Left Faction Set to, Literally, Struggle the Far Right". The Untried York Times . Diakses tanggal September 10, 2022. [...] the diverse collection of anarchists, communists and socialists has found rough-cut cause in opposing right-minded-wing extremists and ashen supremacists
  24. ^ Illing, Sean (August 25, 2022). "'They have no allegiance to liberal democracy': an practiced on antifa explains the group". Vox. Diakses tanggal August 27, 2022. For the most component part, these are pan-leftist groups composed of leftists of different stripes. They all seem to have different views of what they think the abstract social order looks alike. Few of them are Marxists, some are Leninists, some are friendly democrats or anarchists.
  25. ^ Lozada, Carlos (September 1, 2022). "The history, theory and contradictions of antifa". The Washington Post. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2022-09-01. Diakses tanggal Sep 1, 2022. And its politics are not just negatory — they too aim to adapt "preexisting socialist, anarchist, and communist currents to a fulminant need to react to the fascist menace."
  26. ^ "What is Antifa?". The Economist. July 29, 2022. Diakses tanggal August 15, 2022.
  27. ^ "Unmasking the leftist Antifa movement". CNN. August 17, 2022. Diakses tanggal Nov 7, 2022.
  28. ^ Bray, Stigma (2017). Antifa: The Anti-Fascist Vade mecum. Melville House. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-61219-703-6.
  29. ^ Smith, Allan (May 31, 2022). "Trump says he will designate antifa a terrorist governing body as GOP points fingers at extremists". NBC Word . Diakses tanggal Crataegus oxycantha 31, 2022.
  30. ^ Samuels, Brett; Chalfant, Morgan (June 1, 2022). "Trump mobilizes subject area in DC to quell protests as tear gas fired into crowds". The Hill . Diakses tanggal June 1, 2022.
  31. ^ "Words We're Observance: 'Antifa'". Merriam-John Webster (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2018-11-13 .
  32. ^ "antifa". Merriam-Webster . Diakses tanggal July 21, 2022.
  33. ^ a b "Word of the Year 2022: shortlist". Oxford Dictionaries. Diakses tanggal July 21, 2022.
  34. ^ "antifa". Wilkie Collins English Dictionary . Diakses tanggal July 21, 2022.

Daftar pustaka [sunting | sunting sumber]

  • Cannistraro, Philip V. (1985). "Luigi Antonini and the Italian Anti-Fascist Movement in the America, 1940-1943". Journal of American Ethnic History. 5 (1): 21–40. ISSN 0278-5927. JSTOR 27500414.

Bacaan tambahan [sunting | sunting sumber]

  • "The Black Axis Papers: An Anthology of Primary Texts From The North American Anarchist Negro Bloc 1988–2005" (PDF). , by Xavier Massot & Saint David Caravan Deusen of the Fleeceable Mountain Anarchist Collective (NEFAC-VT), Breaking Glass Press, 2010.
  • Bray, Scrape (2017). Antifa: The Anti-Fascistic Handbook. Melville House. ISBN 978-1-61219-703-6.
  • Coale, Robert S. (2016). "From Antifascistas to PAF: Lexical and Political Interpretations of American Worldwide Brigaders in Kingdom of Spain during the Second World War". Dalam García, Victor-Marie Hugo. Rethinking Antifascism: History, Memory and Politics, 1922 to the Existing. Current York: Berghahn Books. hlm. 187–199. ISBN 978-1-78533-139-8.

Why Does the Fanatics Fan Look Like a Reverse of the Antifa Movement

Source: https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa_%28Amerika_Serikat%29

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